قلم، نشریه انجمن ایرانی زبان و ادبیات فرانسه

قلم، نشریه انجمن ایرانی زبان و ادبیات فرانسه

مطالعۀ روانشناسی شخصیت‌ها مطابق با الگوی طرحواره‌های ناسازگار اولیه یانگ: مورد پژوهشی یک زن آنی ارنو

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسنده
گروه زبان فرانسه و عضو مرکز تحقیقات زبان و ادبیات دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.
10.22129/plume.2026.534062.1340
چکیده
طرحواره‌های ناسازگار اولیه جفری یانگ را می‌توان به عنوان ابزاری برای تحلیل متون ادبی در حوزه روانشناسی بکار برد. این طرحواره‌ها به عنوان الگوهای خود تخریبی تفکر، احساس و رفتار تعریف می‌شوند که در دوران کودکی شکل گرفته و در طول زندگی تقویت می‌شوند. یانگ هجده طرحواره را شناسایی کرد که در پنج حوزه کلی گروه‌بندی شده‌اند: بریدگی، خودگردانی و عملکرد مختل، محدودیت‌های مختل، دیگر جهتمندی و گوش به زنگی بیش از حد و بازداری. آنی ارنو، نویسنده معاصر فرانسوی به طور مستقیم و غیرمستقیم مضامینی مانند پذیرش‌جویی، اطاعت و ایثار مادرانه مرتبط با طرحواره‌های ناسازگار اولیه « دیگر جهتمندی»را در رمان »یک زن» به تصویر می‌کشد. این داستان، کل روایت خود را بر شخصیت مادر و ایثار او متمرکز می‌کند. هدف از این پژوهش، ارائه اولین طرحواره‌های ناسازگار اولیه در شخصیت اصلی داستان «مادر اَنی» است. بدین منظور در تحلیل داده‌ها از روش توصیفی تحلیلی بهره گرفته خواهد شد و به‌طور خاص از نظریۀ یانگ در حوزه روانشناسی استفاده می‌شود. این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که طرحواره‌های پذیرش‌جویی، ایثار و نادیده گرفتن خود عمیقأ بر رشد روانی مادرِ نویسنده- شخصیّت اصلی داستان-تأثیر می‌گذارد. با وجود این موانع، وی فرایند آشتی با خود را آغاز می‌کند و هویّت اصیل خود را باز می‌یابد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Psychological study of characters according to Young's early maladaptive schemas: the case of a Woman by Annie Ernaux

چکیده English

Jeffrey Young's early maladaptive schemata can be used as a tool for analyzing literary texts in the field of psychology. These schemata are defined as self-destructive patterns of thought, feeling, and behavior formed during childhood and reinforced throughout life. Young identified eighteen schemata, grouped into five broad areas: abandonment/instability, distrust/abuse, defectiveness/shame, emotional deprivation, and over-vigilance/inhibition. In the literary world, novels play an important role in presenting an accurate portrayal of characters. Nobel Prize winner Annie Ernaux, who created numerous autobiographical works, directly and indirectly depicts themes such as self-denial, dependence, guilt, and maternal ambivalence related to early maladaptive schemata in her novel A Woman. This novel centers its entire narrative on the maternal figure and her self-denial. The text is built around this woman's sacrifice, and the author also explores the emotions underlying her mother's self-forgetfulness. The latter put his own needs and desires aside to put those of others first. The purpose of this study is to present the first maladaptive schemas of the main character "Annie's mother." To this end, a descriptive-analytical approach will be adopted in the data analysis, and in particular, Young's theories in the field of psychology will be used. This research shows that the schema of self-denial and abstinence related to altered boundaries affects the psychological development of the mother.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

  • early maladaptive schemas
  • a woman
  • Annie Ernaux
  • self-denial
  • Approval
Afshari, A. (2022). Study of the relationship between attachment styles and early maladaptive schemas with self-handicapingin students. Education Strategies of Medical Science, 15(1), 91-99.
Ahi, Gh., Mohammadifar, M.-A., & Besharat, M.-A. 2008. Reliability and Validity of Young's Schema. Journal of Environmental Studies, 13(3), 5-23. 20.1001.1.10258620.1387.34.47.9.6
Akbari, M., Borjali, A., & Khanjani, M. (2024). Relationship between Parental Bonding and the Impaired Autonomy and Performance Domain of Early Maladaptive Schemas with the Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation. Journal of Applied Psychological Research, 15(2), 199-218. 10.22059/japr.2024.340360.644209
Ambruster, E. W.,  &Witherington, D. C. (2016). Adult attachment and parental bonding: correlations between perceived relationship qualities and self-reported anxiety. The professional Counselor, 6(1), 33-49. doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.08.003
Arefnia, S., Sarandi, P., Yousefi, R. (2013). The comparison of early maladaptive schemas in secondary school students with and without school anxiety, Journal of School psychology and Institution, 1(4), 74-89.
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996) Manual for Beck Depression Inventory-II. TX: Psychological Corporation. 10.15241/ewa.6.1.33
Berk, L. E. (2007). Development through the lifespan. Seventh edition. Pearson.
Bonapart, M. (1958). Edgar Poe. PUF.
Bouchahta, I. (2025). L’écriture autobiographique dans Une femme d’Annie Ernaux. Voix plurielles, 22(1), 67–77. https://doi.org/10.26522/vp.v22i1.5071
Csukly, G., Telek, R., Filipovits, D., Takács, B., Unoka, Z., & Simon, L. (2011) .What is the relationship between the recognition of emotions and core beliefs: Associations between the recognition of emotions in facial expressions and the maladaptive schemas in depressed patients. Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry ,42(1),129-137.
De Cock, E. S. A., Henrichs, J., Klimstra, T. A., Maas, A. J. B. M., Vreeswijk, C. M. J. M., Meeus, W.H. J., & Van Bakel, H. J. A. (2017). Longitudinal associations between parental bonding, parenting stress, and executive functioning in toddlerhood. Journal of Child and Family Study, 26(6), 1723-1733. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0679-7
Erikson, E. H. (1968).Identity Youth and crisis. W.W. Norton & Compagny.
Ernaux, A. (1988). Une femme. Gallimard.
Faroughi, P., Khanjani, Z., Hashemi, T., & Mahmoud-Aliloo, M. (2017). Effectiveness of Acceptance enhanced behavior therapy on Body Focused Repetitive Behavior Disorders (Trichotillomania, Skin Picking, Nail biting): A multiple baseline design with three month follow up. Journal of Research in Psychological Health, 11(3),13-27. http://rph.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3024-fa.html
Ghodsi, A., Sarihi, N, Aghayousefi, A. (2015). Relationship between achievement motivation and early maladaptive schemas and family emotional ambiance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 8 (4),111-131.
Ghorbani, N. (2010). Short-term, intensive dynamic psychotherapy, principles and techniques. SAMT.
Johnston, C., Dorahy. M.J. Courtney, D., Bayles, T., & O’Kane, M. (2009). Dysfunctional schema modes, childhood trauma and dissociation in borderline personality disorder. Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry, 40(2), 248-255. doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.12.002
Kahnamouipour, J., Khattate, N. (2004). Critique littéraire. SAMT.
Khorshidzadeh, M.,   Borjali, A.,  Sohrabi, F. (2020). The effectiveness of schema therapy in the treatment of women (females) with social anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychology and Counseling, 1(2), 23-45. 10.22067/ijap.v1i2.9420
May, D. C.,&  Dunaway, R. G. (2000). Predictors of fear of criminal victimization at school among adolescent. Sociological Spectrum, 20(2), 89-99. doi.org/10.1080/027321700279938
Peszat, R. (2012). The Language of Flowers in Annie Ernaux's Une femme. Women in French Studies,20 (1), 32-46. 10.1353/wfs.2012.0021
Russ, E., Heim, A.,&  Westen, D. (2003). Parental bonding and personality pathology assessed by clinician report. Journal of Personality Disorders, 17(6), 522-536. 10.1521/pedi.17.6.522.25351
Samimi, S., Adelzadeh, P. & Pashaie, K. (2022). Psychoanalysis of personality of "Wahab" in the novel Khaneh Edrisiha (The House of the Edrisians) based on early maladaptive schema emphasizing on Jeffrey Young approach. Literary Research, 19(75), 105-131.
Sherkat Moghadam, S., Navabzadeh Shafie, S.-S., Siminfar ,S. (2021). Critical Discourse Analysis of You’re no stranger here Based on Fairclough’s Approach. Journal of Research in Narrative Literature, 10(2), 21-40.
Sohrabi, F., Darabi, A.,  Rastgoo, N., Azami, Y. (2016).  Mediating Role of early maladaptive schemas in relation of attachment styles and depression in students. Counseling Culture and Psychotherapy, 7(25), 91-110. https://doi.org/10.22054/qccpc.2016.5889
Steinberg, L. (2001). We know some things: Parent-adolescent relationships in retrospect and prospect. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 11(1), 1-19. doi.org/10.1111/1532-7795.00001
Thimm, J. C. (2010). Personality and early maladaptive schemas: A five-factor model perspective. Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry, 41(4), 373-380. doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.03.009
Toutounchian, F., Nassehi, Z. (2014). Une femme d’Annie Ernaux : de la subjectivité d’une écriture objective. Etudes de langue et littérature françaises, 5(1), 91-110.
Young, J. E. (1994). Cognitive therapy for personality disorder: A schema-focused approach. FL: Professional Resource Press.
Young, J. E. (1999). Cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A schema-focused approach (3rd ed.). FL: Professional Resource Press.
Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar, M. E. (2003). Schema therapy: A practitioner's guide. Guilford Press. https://doi.org/10.1111/1532-7795.00001
دوره 22، شماره 43
فروردین 1405
صفحه 239-270

  • تاریخ دریافت 21 تیر 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 09 بهمن 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 12 اردیبهشت 1405